"" Gedung Purba: Pakaian
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Isnin, 18 April 2016

Pakaian


Umumnya, pakaian ditakrifkan sebagai penutup untuk badan dan anggota, serta tangan (sarung tangan), kaki (sarung kaki), kasut, sandal, but dan kepala (topi, kep). 
Manusia memakai pakaian atas alasan-alasan fungsian dan sosial. Pakaian melindungi badan manusia yang bogel daripada cuaca keterlaluan, ciri-ciri persekitaran yang lain, serta atas alasan keselamatan. Tetapi setiap pakaian juga membawa maksud kebudayaan dan sosial.
Manusia juga menghiaskan badan-badan mereka dengan mekap atau kosmetik, minyak wangi dan hiasan lain; mereka juga menggunting, mencelup, dan mengeset rambut, bulu roma muka, dan badan (sila lihat fesyen rambut), dan kekadang juga menandakan kulit mereka dengan tatu, pelelasan dan penyucukan. Kesemua hiasan ini menyumbangkan kepada kesan keseluruhan dan mesej pakaian, tetapi bukannya pakaian pada dirinya.
Barang-barang yang dibawa tetapi berbanding dipakai (seperti dompet, tongkat, dan payung) biasanya dianggap sebagai hiasan tambahan dan bukan dianggap sebagai pakaian. Barang kemas dan cermin mata juga digolongkan dalam hiasan tambahan walaupun dalam bahasa biasa, barang-barang ini diperihalkan sebagai dipakai dan bukan dibawa.


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Clothing
Ancient Greek clothing was typically homemade and the same piece of homespun fabric that was used as a type of garment, or blanket. From Greek vase paintings and sculptures, we can tell that the fabrics were intensely colored and usually decorated with intricate designs.
Clothing for women and men consisted of two main garments-a tunic (either a peplos or chiton) and a cloak (himation). The peplos was a large rectangle of heavy fabric, usually wool, folded over along the upper edge so that the over fold (apoptygma) would reach to the waist. It was placed around the body and fastened at the shoulders with a pin or brooch. There were armholes were on each side, and the open side of the garment was either left that way, or pinned or sewn to form a seam.
The chiton was made of a much lighter material, normally linen. It was a very long and very wide rectangle of fabric sewn up at the sides, pinned or sewn at the shoulders, and usually girded around the waist. Often the chiton was wide enough to allow for sleeves that were fastened along the upper arms with pins or buttons. Both the peplos and chiton were floor-length garments that were usually long enough to be pulled over the belt, creating a pouch known as a kolpos. Under either garment, a woman might have worn a soft band, known as a strophion, around the mid-section of the body.
Men in ancient Greece customarily wore a chiton similar to the one worn by women, but knee-length or shorter. An exomis (a short chiton fastened on the left shoulder) was worn for exercise, horse riding, or hard labor. The himation (cloak) worn by both women and men was essentially a rectangular piece of heavy fabric, either woolen or linen. It was draped diagonally over one shoulder or symmetrically over both shoulders, like a stole.
Women sometimes wore an epiblema (shawl) over the peplos or chiton. Young men often wore a chlamys (short cloak) for riding. Greek men occasionally wore a broad-brimmed hat (petasos), and on rare occasions, Greek women donned a flat-brimmed one with a high peaked crown.
Footwear
Women and men wore sandals, slippers, soft shoes, or boots, although at home they usually went barefoot.

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